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Once an energy storage resource is depleted, 11 it is unavailable to discharge to help meet system needs until it is able to 12 re-charge., Thus, the solar PV resource helps to satisfy daytime 16 AO-12 energy demand while the energy storage resource can help to meet 1 evening energy demand., E3 modeled some configurations of hybrid 2 resources that could charge from the grid, enabling the storage to charge 3 sufficiently using grid electricity to provide their full reliability benefit., E3 4 also modeled some configurations of hybrid resources that could only 5 charge from their co-located solar or wind resource, which limits their 6 ability to sufficiently charge the storage during loss-of-load events 7 modeled in RECAP., This is because the 13 storage may not be able to fully charge with only VER energy before a 14 loss-of-load event.

They may claim there is a cost for this service and demand payment immediately., We never demand prepaid cards, • Scammers demand a separate payment to replace or install a utility-related device or meter., If there is a charge related to work on equipment, it will typically be included in your monthly bill or paid prior to installation, Any over payments will be applied to your NorthWestern Energy account and used to cover future charges.

NORTHWESTERN ENERGY’S SOUTH DAKOTA 2024 INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLAN

The supply portion of the bill for natural gas is subject to twice yearly fuel cost adjustments and is shown separately from the delivery charge., ELECTRIC RAT E S Components displayed on the bill include: energy, demand, fuel and power factor., The chart to the right shows these various billing components for a NorthWestern Energy commercial customer with a monthly usage of 14,000 kWh and 40 kW demand., RAT E S NORTHWESTERN ENERGY’S JUNE 1, 2023 ELECTRIC COSTS BY SIZE & CUSTOMER TYPE 1 Residential Commercial Industrial GS1 Secondary Non Demand GS1 Secondary Demand GS1 Primary Demand GS2 Substation Demand Monthly kWh 750 1,500 14,000 180,000 650,000 Peak Monthly kW Demand N/A N/A 40 500 1,000 TOTAL ELECTRIC COSTS (supply, distribution, transmission & other charges) Monthly Cost $109.60 $236 $1,856 $21,758 $60,029 Average Cost per kWh for Supply and Delivery $0.1461 $0.1573 $0.1326 $0.1209 $0.0924 NORTHWESTERN SUPPLY R E L ATED COSTS 2 Supply Portion of Monthly Bill $105 $229 $1,299 $16,703 $61,251 Supply Cost as % of To t a l 9 6 % 9 7 % 7 0 % 7 7 % 1 0 2 % S u p p l y C o s t p e r kWh $0.1405 $0.1530 $0.0928 $0.0928 $0.0942 1 Actual Monthly Rates efective June 2023. 2 Supply Costs are subject to periodic adjustments and include supply, deferred supply and supply taxes., SOUTH DAKOTA NORTHWESTERN ENERGY COMMERCIAL CUSTOMER MONTHLY NATURAL GAS BILLING COMPONENTS JULY 1, 2023 USING 200 THERMS PER MONTH NEBRASKA NORTHWESTERN ENERGY COMMERCIAL CUSTOMER MONTHLY NATURAL GAS BILLING COMPONENTS JULY 1, 2023 USING 200 THERMS PER MONTH Monthly Service Charge 6% Monthly Service Charge 5% Delivery Charge (with 2% MGP Refund Included) 19% Delivery Charge 16% Purchased Gas Commodity 75% Purchased Gas Commodity 79% ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION NorthWestern Energy spent about $562 million in capital across its service territory in 2023.

SOUTH DAKOTA GAS RATE SCHEDULE |Commercial and Industrial | Contract Sales Service | Rate No. 86

In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h).

CLASS OF SERVICE: Large Customer Transportation Service RATE No. 99 NEBRASKA PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION NATURAL GAS RATE SCHEDULE for NORTHWESTERN ENERGY PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION d/b/a NORTHWESTERN ENERGY

It shows that except for the small monthly customer 10 charge, the rest of the monthly bill is assessed through kWh-based energy 11 charges and not peak kW demand charges. 12 Table 1: Current GS-1 Primary Non-Demand Rates GSED-1 Primary Non- Demand Customer Charge $235.30 / month Energy Charge $0.008854/kWh ESS-1 Generation Supply $0.073948/kWh Transmission Energy $0.014943/kWh CTC & USB CTC & USB Energy Charge $0.004319/kWh When a customer installs on-site generation, their bills will be dramatically 13 reduced even if they use the Company’s distribution, transmission, and 14 SWW-7 generation resources during periods when their generator is offline., The Schedule SESS-1 replaces the 15 energy charges in ESS-1 with a demand charge and introduces discounted 16 charges for standby services., The Supplemental Contract Capacity charge, which is applied to the 6 customer’s demand not regularly served by on-site generation, is equivalent 7 to the generation and transmission charges found in ESS-1., The demand 8 charge of $29.41/kW month and the energy charge of $0.018424/kWh in 9 Schedule SESS-1 for a customer with an average load factor of 57.2% is 10 equal to the generation and transmission charges under either of the ESS-1 11 Primary Voltage rate options., The model then charged the energy storage system during the 4 lowest four hour demand period and then discharged during the highest four 5 hour demand period.

Demand reported in column (h) must be in megawatts., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (I), provide revenues from energy charges related to the amount of energy transferred., In column (e) report the demand charges and in column (f) energy charges related to the amount of energy transferred., Report in column (h) the total charge shown on bills rendered to the respondent.

Information for our seasonal irrigation service customers about energy consumption and tips to minimize consumption.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - A Federal agency charged with protecting the environment., The demand for natural gas largely depends upon weather conditions., Thus, the rates we are allowed to charge may or may not match our costs at any given time., Demand for our Montana transmission capacity fluctuates with regional demand, fuel prices and weather related conditions., This charge is recorded within other income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The base revenue 13 CSF-8 requirements addressed in this filing reflect the fixed costs of 1 providing utility services to our customers and therefore are not 2 dependent upon a customer’s kWh usage. 3 4  Demand Charges ($/kW): A demand charge is for costs of the 5 energy infrastructure used – distribution, transmission, and 6 capacity-related power generation – to deliver energy service and 7 to meet a customer’s peak energy demand., A cost-based rate design would 17 include the charges described above – energy/volumetric rates, demand 18 charges, and monthly service/customer charges., Any increase to monthly service charges would 1 result in a compensating decrease to energy and demand charges to 2 ensure the rate design remains revenue neutral, that is, the rates 3 developed will continue to recover the same allocated costs of service for 4 the customer class., A rate structure that has a higher monthly service, or 5 fixed, charge can reduce month-to-month bill volatility that may result from 6 changes in usage and/or demand from month to month. 7 Table 5: Current and Cost-Based Monthly Service Charges – Electric Current Cost- Based Change ($) Change (%) RESIDENTIAL $4.20 $9.94 $5.74 136.7% GS‐1: SECONDARY Non‐Demand $6.00 $10.43‐10.51 5 $4.43‐4.51 73.8‐75.1% Demand $8.70 $49.28‐$57.18 6 $40.58‐48.48 466.4‐557.2% GS‐1: PRIMARY Non‐Demand $8.80 $14.57 $5.77 65.6% Demand $27.70 $269.85‐ $508.76 7 $242.15‐ 481.06 874.2‐ 1,736.7% GS‐2 SUBSTATION $225.00 $1,613.74 $1,388.74 617.2% GS‐2 TRANSMISSION $1,380.00 $2,083.87 $703.87 51.0% IRRIGATION Non‐Demand $45.20 $58.72 $13.52 29.9% Demand $106.50 $228.35 $121.85 114.4% 5 This reflects the difference between choice and non-choice customers with $10.43 for GS1 Sec Non Dmd Choice and $10.51 for GS1 Sec Non Dmd Non Choice. 6 This reflects the difference between, It can impact the bills customers will pay 8 due to changes in the manner (i.e., energy charge, demand 9 charge, and/or monthly service fee) by which NorthWestern seeks 10 to recover cost of service from customers. 11 Further details regarding customer bill impacts are discussed by Mr. 12 Durkin. 13 14 Q.

These costs are stated in terms of 13 customer, energy, and demand charges. 14 15 Q., Regression analyses using various measures of coincident peak demand did not 13 reveal a significant correlation between costs and the demand measures., Page 2 shows the input assumptions used to develop all levelized 3 fixed charge rates., Pleasedescribethesource of the coincident peak demand and non-coincident peak 12 demand data by class that you employed in both electric studies. 13 A., Rate classes whose tariffs include three-part rates are shown 10 with customer, demand, and energy charges expressed as dollars per customer per month, 11 dollars per kWh or dollars per kW of billing demand, respectively.

In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h).

Yes No If Yes, address: City: Legal Description Township: Range: Section: ¼ Section: Subdivision: Block: Lot: Site Information Service Needed: Overhead Electric Underground Electric Gas City Limits Yes No Additional Options: Temporary Electric During Construction (Customer Charge) Load Information Electric: Phase: 1 Phase 3 Phase Panel Size: amps Demand: kW Panel Size: Amps Demand: kW Voltage: 120/240 120/208 277/480 Electrical Contractor Phone Wiring Permit Number Primary Electric Heat: 1 Meter 2 Meter Gas: Load Btu/hr (total input of all appliances) Heating/Plumbing Contractor Phone Delivery Pressure Required: 7”wc 14”wc 2psig 5psig Requested installation Date: (You must contact Nort hWestern Energy for actual installation date.)

Thus, the rates we are allowed to charge may or may not match our costs at any given time., Demand for electricity and natural gas is often greater in the summer and winter months associated with cooling and heating., A decrease in the region’s electric capacity may impair the reliability of the grid, particularly during peak demand periods., Such technologies could also result in further declines in commodity prices or demand for delivered energy., Demand for our Montana transmission capacity fluctuates with regional demand, fuel prices and weather related conditions.

Incentives are available to applicants who are NorthWestern Energy commercial electric supply customers.

For some customer classes, 1 such as the residential customer class, energy rates are used to 2 recover almost all of the costs to serve residential customers, not just 3 supply costs. 4 5 • Demand Charges ($/kW): A demand charge is for costs of the energy 6 infrastructure used – distribution, transmission, and capacity-related 7 power generation – to deliver energy service and to meet a customer’s 8 peak energy demand., In addition, a fixed 19 charge can play a significant role in supporting cost-based rate design 20 overall by recovering the remainder of the utility’s cost of service that 21 was not assigned to cost-based energy and/or demand charges. 22 23 CSF-15 The same general structure applies to rate design for natural gas with 1 volumetric rates on a $/therm basis and demand charges on a $/Maximum 2 Daily Delivery Quantity (“MDDQ”) basis, that is, fixed charge ($/month), 3 volumetric rate ($/therms), and demand charge ($/MDDQ). 4 5 Q., A cost-based rate design would 15 include the charges described above – energy/volumetric rates, demand 16 charges, and monthly service/customer charges., The majority of our non-residential electric 19 customers are on a rate schedule with a monthly service fee, a monthly 20 demand charge, and a flat energy rate., The design of NorthWestern’s current rates involve 1 limited use of rate design tools – a monthly service charge, monthly demand, 2 and flat energy rates.

Monthly NCP demand is the maximum metered hourly (60-minute integration) demand in a month., Footnote any demand not stated on a megawatt basis and explain. 7.Report in column (g) the megawatt hours shown on bills rendered to the purchaser. 8.Report demand charges in column (h), energy charges in column (i), and the total of any other types of charges, including out-of-period adjustments, in column (j)., Do not report net exchange. 7.Report demand charges in column (k), energy charges in column (l), and the total of any other types of charges, including out-of-period adjustments, in column (m)., In column (k), provide revenues from demand charges related to the billing demand reported in column (h)., In column (e) report the demand charges and in column (f) energy charges related to the amount of energy transferred.

Market purchases and sales fill the gap between resources and customer demand., The demand for natural gas largely depends upon weather conditions., Thus, the rates we are allowed to charge may or may not match our costs at any given time., Demand for our Montana transmission capacity fluctuates with regional demand, fuel prices and weather related conditions., This charge is recorded within other income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.